\(\int \frac {1}{(1+x^2) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx\) [235]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 20, antiderivative size = 69 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {1}{2} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}\right )+\frac {\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan (x),\frac {1}{4}\right )}{4 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \]

[Out]

1/2*arctan(x/(x^4+x^2+1)^(1/2))+1/4*(x^2+1)*(cos(2*arctan(x))^2)^(1/2)/cos(2*arctan(x))*EllipticF(sin(2*arctan
(x)),1/2)*((x^4+x^2+1)/(x^2+1)^2)^(1/2)/(x^4+x^2+1)^(1/2)

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 69, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.200, Rules used = {1224, 1117, 1712, 209} \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {1}{2} \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}}\right )+\frac {\left (x^2+1\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x^4+x^2+1}{\left (x^2+1\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan (x),\frac {1}{4}\right )}{4 \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}} \]

[In]

Int[1/((1 + x^2)*Sqrt[1 + x^2 + x^4]),x]

[Out]

ArcTan[x/Sqrt[1 + x^2 + x^4]]/2 + ((1 + x^2)*Sqrt[(1 + x^2 + x^4)/(1 + x^2)^2]*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[x], 1/4])/(4
*Sqrt[1 + x^2 + x^4])

Rule 209

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]))*ArcTan[Rt[b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /;
FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || GtQ[b, 0])

Rule 1117

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[c/a, 4]}, Simp[(1 + q^2*x^2)*(Sqrt[(
a + b*x^2 + c*x^4)/(a*(1 + q^2*x^2)^2)]/(2*q*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]))*EllipticF[2*ArcTan[q*x], 1/2 - b*(q^2/(
4*c))], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && PosQ[c/a]

Rule 1224

Int[1/(((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)*Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4]), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/(2*d), Int[1/Sqrt[
a + b*x^2 + c*x^4], x], x] + Dist[1/(2*d), Int[(d - e*x^2)/((d + e*x^2)*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]), x], x] /; Fr
eeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0]

Rule 1712

Int[((A_) + (B_.)*(x_)^2)/(((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)*Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4]), x_Symbol] :> Dist[
A, Subst[Int[1/(d - (b*d - 2*a*e)*x^2), x], x, x/Sqrt[a + b*x^2 + c*x^4]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, A, B},
x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && EqQ[B*d + A*e, 0]

Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1-x^2}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx \\ & = \frac {\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{4}\right )}{4 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}\right ) \\ & = \frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}\right )+\frac {\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{4}\right )}{4 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [C] (verified)

Result contains complex when optimal does not.

Time = 10.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 72, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.04 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt {1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x^2} \sqrt {1-(-1)^{2/3} x^2} \operatorname {EllipticPi}\left (\sqrt [3]{-1},i \text {arcsinh}\left ((-1)^{5/6} x\right ),(-1)^{2/3}\right )}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \]

[In]

Integrate[1/((1 + x^2)*Sqrt[1 + x^2 + x^4]),x]

[Out]

((-1)^(2/3)*Sqrt[1 + (-1)^(1/3)*x^2]*Sqrt[1 - (-1)^(2/3)*x^2]*EllipticPi[(-1)^(1/3), I*ArcSinh[(-1)^(5/6)*x],
(-1)^(2/3)])/Sqrt[1 + x^2 + x^4]

Maple [C] (verified)

Result contains complex when optimal does not.

Time = 0.48 (sec) , antiderivative size = 104, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.51

method	result	size
default	\(\frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \Pi \left (\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, x , -\frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\)	\(104\)
elliptic	\(\frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}-\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {1+\frac {x^{2}}{2}+\frac {i x^{2} \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \Pi \left (\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, x , -\frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}, \frac {\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\)	\(104\)

[In]

int(1/(x^2+1)/(x^4+x^2+1)^(1/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

1/(-1/2+1/2*I*3^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1+1/2*x^2-1/2*I*x^2*3^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1+1/2*x^2+1/2*I*x^2*3^(1/2))^(1/2)/(x^4+x^2+
1)^(1/2)*EllipticPi((-1/2+1/2*I*3^(1/2))^(1/2)*x,-1/(-1/2+1/2*I*3^(1/2)),(-1/2-1/2*I*3^(1/2))^(1/2)/(-1/2+1/2*
I*3^(1/2))^(1/2))

Fricas [A] (verification not implemented)

none

Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 55, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.80 \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {-3} + 1\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1} F(\arcsin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} x \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1}\right )\,|\,\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {-3} - \frac {1}{2}) + \frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1}}\right ) \]

[In]

integrate(1/(x^2+1)/(x^4+x^2+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/8*sqrt(2)*(sqrt(-3) + 1)*sqrt(sqrt(-3) - 1)*elliptic_f(arcsin(1/2*sqrt(2)*x*sqrt(sqrt(-3) - 1)), 1/2*sqrt(-
3) - 1/2) + 1/2*arctan(x/sqrt(x^4 + x^2 + 1))

Sympy [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right )} \left (x^{2} + 1\right )}\, dx \]

[In]

integrate(1/(x**2+1)/(x**4+x**2+1)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

Integral(1/(sqrt((x**2 - x + 1)*(x**2 + x + 1))*(x**2 + 1)), x)

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )}} \,d x } \]

[In]

integrate(1/(x^2+1)/(x^4+x^2+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(1/(sqrt(x^4 + x^2 + 1)*(x^2 + 1)), x)

Giac [F]

\[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )}} \,d x } \]

[In]

integrate(1/(x^2+1)/(x^4+x^2+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate(1/(sqrt(x^4 + x^2 + 1)*(x^2 + 1)), x)

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\left (x^2+1\right )\,\sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}} \,d x \]

[In]

int(1/((x^2 + 1)*(x^2 + x^4 + 1)^(1/2)),x)

[Out]

int(1/((x^2 + 1)*(x^2 + x^4 + 1)^(1/2)), x)